Facial contouring New Westminster

Facial contouring New Westminster

RelabotulinumtoxinA

If you've got questions or need further assistance, don't hesitate to call our clinic. This personalized approach guarantees that you're comfortable, informed, and excited about your transformation. Learn more about Facial contouring New Westminster here They'll ask about your medical history, any current medications, and your lifestyle habits to ensure the treatments are safe and appropriate for you. Learn more about Botox and Filler treatments in New Westminster here. Visit our website and choose a time that works for you. EC 3.4.24.69 Once it does, you'll notice a smoother, more youthful appearance in treated areas.
Plus, their personalized follow-up ensures you're thrilled with your results. Next, they'll assess your facial structure and skin condition, taking into account your age, skin type, and any underlying health conditions. Imagine walking into a room feeling more vibrant and refreshed, carrying yourself with an air of confidence that comes from knowing you look your best. We also believe in educating you about the options available.
With a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of facial anatomy, they aim to achieve natural-looking results that enhance your innate beauty without altering your fundamental appearance. Immediately following your procedure, they'll guide you on how to care for the treated areas. Next, you'll pick a time that fits your schedule. Botulism toxin Before any treatment, you'll sit down with a specialist who'll assess your facial structure and discuss your aesthetic goals. Relfydess
I'm no longer self-conscious in front of my class.'Sarah, a 29-year-old nurse, adds, 'I was nervous about getting lip fillers, but the team at Manhas Health Co made me feel at ease.

Facial contouring New Westminster - Relfydess

  1. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  2. Type D botulinum toxin
  3. AbobotulinumtoxinA
  4. Botulinum toxin C
  5. PrabotulinumtoxinA
  6. Prabotulinumtoxin A
  7. Botulinum B toxin
  8. Prabotulinum toxin A
  9. Botulin Toxin
  10. Type A botulinum toxin
  11. Type G botulinum toxin
  12. DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  13. Xeomin
  14. Daxxify
  15. Botulinum toxin C1
They offer a range of hyaluronic acid fillers, known for their ability to attract and retain moisture, giving your skin a natural, hydrated look. They're a quick and minimally invasive option that can provide immediate results. Furthermore, we're always here to listen and respond to any concerns you may have before, during, or after your treatment.

To ensure we meet your unique aesthetic goals, our personalized consultation process begins with a detailed discussion about your desires and concerns. Our experts are skilled in pinpointing the exact areas that will give you the most natural and satisfying results. To book your appointment at Manhas Health Co., simply call our office or use our online scheduling system for immediate confirmation. Exploring the range of filler options at Manhas Health Co reveals a tailored approach to restoring volume and enhancing facial contours. They're naturally occurring in the body, which reduces the risk of allergic reactions.

You'll also find that we use the latest techniques to minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of complications. Stick around to uncover the art behind their technique and how they might just be the secret ingredient to your fountain of youth. The clinic's location isn't just about practicality; it's also about the experience. There's no downtime, so you can get back to your daily routine immediately, though you should avoid strenuous activity for at least 24 hours to ensure the best results.

They'll also schedule follow-up appointments to monitor your progress and make any necessary adjustments to your aftercare regimen. It's also wise to avoid alcohol, blood thinners, and certain supplements like fish oil and vitamin E for a few days prior to your appointment to reduce the risk of bruising. Botulismotoxin Initially, you'll have a detailed consultation to identify your aesthetic goals and discuss the best filler options for your skin type and concerns. This includes skin care tips tailored to your specific needs, recommendations for follow-up sessions, and guidance on how to protect your skin from everyday environmental factors.

They'll guide you through the process, from choosing the right type of filler to deciding on the precise amount of botox, tailoring each step to fit your needs. Moving on to dermal fillers, the procedure is designed to restore volume and reduce wrinkles, resulting in a more youthful appearance. Avoid rubbing the treated areas for the first day, and stay upright for a few hours post-treatment to ensure the Botox stays put. Botox, a purified form of botulinum toxin, temporarily paralyzes muscles.

Wrinkle reduction New Westminster

Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

Botox for facial rejuvenation New Westminster


New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia in 1858 and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island colonies were merged in 1866. It was the British Columbia Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.

Wrinkle relaxing injections New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Ron McLean Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Ron McLean Park, 7820 Hedley Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2R3
Community park with a kids' playground, baseball field & courts for tennis & basketball.

Byrne Creek Ravine Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Byrne Creek Ravine Park, 6555 Byrnepark Dr, Burnaby, BC V5E 4L4
Wooded natural area with a winding creek, trails for hiking & dog-walking & a baseball diamond.

Burnaby Blues & Roots Festival

Tourist attraction
Burnaby Blues & Roots Festival, Burnaby, BC V5G 3T1

Burnaby Mountain Biking and Hiking Trails

Tourist attraction, Hiking area
Burnaby Mountain Biking and Hiking Trails, University Dr E, Burnaby, BC V5A 4Y8


Citations and other links

Full face rejuvenation Facial contouring New Westminster

Beyond prioritizing your safety and comfort, Manhas Health Co. offers an extensive selection of aesthetic services tailored to meet your unique beauty goals. It's more than just receiving treatments; it's about understanding and embracing the continuous care that enhances and sustains your desired results. Too much can lead to an overdone look, while the right amount can smooth out wrinkles and restore volume without drawing attention. Manhas Health Co. prides itself on creating a collaborative environment. At Manhas Health Co, we tailor each treatment plan to fit your unique skin needs, ensuring optimal results that reflect your personal beauty goals.
They're dedicated to ensuring you not only look great but also feel supported throughout your entire healing process. Post-treatment, you might experience slight swelling or bruising, but these minor side effects usually subside quickly. Their use of cutting-edge technology and high-quality products guarantees you're receiving the best possible care. Botulinum toxin type B It's not merely about smoothing out wrinkles or enhancing features; it's about the newfound confidence that radiates from within.
Ideal candidates are typically individuals who are looking to reduce visible signs of aging, such as wrinkles, fine lines, and loss of volume in the face. Our expert team listens closely, ensuring we fully grasp what you're looking for and any apprehensions you might have. Plus, numbing cream can be applied to minimize any discomfort. We understand you're busy, so we've made sure our booking system is straightforward and user-friendly. Read more about Facial contouring New Westminster here
Together, they offer a comprehensive approach to anti-aging, allowing you to tackle a wide range of concerns from fine lines to deep folds. They also offer aftercare advice tailored to your specific needs, ensuring a smooth and comfortable recovery. Prioritizing your safety and comfort, we ensure every step of your treatment journey is guided by the highest standards of care. It's your beauty, refined.

Full face rejuvenation Facial contouring New Westminster
Botox near me Facial contouring New Westminster

Botox near me Facial contouring New Westminster

This means you're getting the most innovative treatments available, designed to provide you with the best results possible. Our practitioners come from diverse backgrounds in healthcare, including dermatology, cosmetic surgery, and nursing. Don't wait any longer; transform your look today and step into a world where you feel unstoppable. Moreover, Manhas Health Co utilizes the latest advancements in aesthetic medicine, offering you state-of-the-art treatments that promise not just immediate but also lasting results. Botulinium toxin Remember, this is your opportunity to ask questions and express any concerns you may have.

In prioritizing your comfort and safety, Manhas Health Co. sets itself apart as a provider of Botox and filler services. This can result in a more youthful, refreshed look. It's especially effective for frown lines, crow's feet, and forehead lines. This knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions alongside your specialist, turning the journey into a partnership. Botulinumtoxin

Follow these tips, and you'll be well on your way to enjoying your rejuvenated appearance with confidence. You might be wondering what sets our Botox treatments apart. Next, they'll examine your skin's condition, focusing on areas you'd like to enhance. Before any treatment begins, we conduct a thorough consultation to understand your medical history and aesthetic goals.

You might also be concerned about looking 'overdone.' The goal at Manhas Health Co. is to enhance your natural beauty, not change your appearance drastically. Then there's James, who'd been considering fillers to enhance his features. What sets Manhas Health Co apart is their commitment to safety and education. Their expertise doesn't stop at consultation.

Facial volume restoration Facial contouring New Westminster

We've cultivated an environment that's not just clinically efficient but also warmly welcoming. Your comfort and satisfaction are paramount. Choosing Manhas Health Co. means you're selecting a partner who places your well-being at the forefront of their practice.

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They use the latest products and techniques to ensure your results look natural and feel comfortable. Steer clear of strenuous exercise, saunas, and excessive heat for 48 hours post-treatment to minimize swelling and bruising.

This precaution helps prevent the product from spreading to unintended areas. If you're anxious about the discomfort, most clients report only a slight pinch during the process. Imagine not having to worry about sweat stains during your next big presentation or social event. Once you've booked your appointment, Manhas Health Co. will send you a confirmation email with all the details you need, including what to expect during your visit and any pre-treatment instructions.

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  • RimabotulinumtoxinB
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Regular maintenance sessions can help prolong the effects, keeping you looking refreshed and youthful. This means they're not only effective but also safe, with a low risk of allergic reactions.

Facial contouring New Westminster - EC 3.4.24.69

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  • Type A botulinum toxin
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You'll also discuss your lifestyle and any factors that might influence your treatment options or the longevity of your results. More serious, but rare, side effects can include allergic reactions or uneven results, stressing the importance of choosing a reputable provider.

Once you've booked your appointment at Manhas Health Co., you're on the path to not just enhancing your appearance, but significantly boosting your confidence as well. Next, you'll undergo a detailed facial analysis. As you browse through the gallery, imagine the possibilities for your own aesthetic journey. On the other hand, fillers are ideal if you're noticing your face losing its youthful volume, especially around the cheeks, lips, and jawline.

Facial volume restoration Facial contouring New Westminster
Skin rejuvenation injections Facial contouring New Westminster
Skin rejuvenation injections Facial contouring New Westminster

Signing up for our newsletter is the best way to stay informed about upcoming promotions. Myobloc In essence, Botox treatments provide a versatile, effective way to tackle both cosmetic concerns and certain medical conditions, making it a valuable tool in your self-care arsenal.

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  • Type D botulinum toxin
  • AbobotulinumtoxinA
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  • PrabotulinumtoxinA
  • Prabotulinumtoxin A
  • Botulinum B toxin
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  • Botulin Toxin
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It's the perfect time to discuss your satisfaction with the results and any adjustments you might want.

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  • BOTOX
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Nestled in the heart of Facial contouring New Westminster, they've quickly become a beacon for those seeking to rejuvenate their appearance with the latest in aesthetic technology.

You're not just addressing current concerns; you're preemptively combating the signs of aging, ensuring your skin remains luminous and youthful for years to come.

Dermal filler clinic Facial contouring New Westminster

You're not just undergoing a cosmetic enhancement; you're experiencing a service where your well-being is the top priority.

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  2. Onabotulinum toxin A
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  6. Botulinum toxin G
  7. Botulotoxin
  8. Botulinum toxin type C
  9. ATCvet code QM03AX01
  10. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  11. Type D botulinum toxin
  12. AbobotulinumtoxinA
  13. Botulinum toxin C
  14. PrabotulinumtoxinA
  15. Prabotulinumtoxin A
  16. Botulinum B toxin
Let these before and after snapshots inspire you and give you confidence in our ability to deliver remarkable results. At Manhas Health Co. in Facial contouring New Westminster, you're not just another client; you're a canvas for aesthetic enhancements that promise to rejuvenate and refresh your appearance.

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  1. Type A botulinum toxin
  2. Type G botulinum toxin
  3. DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  4. Xeomin
  5. Daxxify
  6. Botulinum toxin C1
  7. BOTOX
  8. DaxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm
  9. Myobloc
  10. EC 3.4.24.69
  11. Botulism toxin
  12. Botulinum toxin type a
  13. Botulinum toxin type E
  14. RimabotulinumtoxinB
  15. C6760H10447N1743O2010S32
  16. Botulinum toxins
  17. Onabotulinum toxin A
  18. Botox
Moreover, our specialists are committed to upholding the highest standards of patient care. This comprehensive evaluation allows them to recommend the most suitable treatments, whether that's Botox, fillers, or a combination of both.
What sets Manhas Health Co apart is their commitment to safety and precision. Whether you're curious about the transformative effects of Botox or seeking to explore the volumizing wonders of fillers, understanding the nuances of these treatments and the importance of expert application is crucial. You're walked through every step of your treatment plan, from the initial consultation to post-treatment care, ensuring you're comfortable and informed. At Manhas Health Co., we understand that everyone's skin and aesthetic aspirations are different.
At Manhas Health Co., you're in expert hands. It temporarily paralyzes muscles, smoothing out those areas for a more youthful appearance. You, too, could see such changes. Before any treatment, you'll have a detailed consultation to discuss your medical history, expectations, and any potential risks or side effects.

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  3. Botulinum C toxin
  4. Botulinum toxin C2
  5. Botulinum toxin G
  6. Botulotoxin
  7. Botulinum toxin type C
  8. ATCvet code QM03AX01
  9. Botulinum Toxin Type B
  10. Type D botulinum toxin
  11. AbobotulinumtoxinA
  12. Botulinum toxin C
  13. PrabotulinumtoxinA
  14. Prabotulinumtoxin A
  15. Botulinum B toxin
  16. Prabotulinum toxin A

You're given a platform to express your desires and concerns, ensuring that your treatment aligns with your individual needs and expectations. You might also wonder about the recovery time. That's why they're committed to transparency, guiding you through every step, from initial consultation to post-treatment care, ensuring you're fully informed and comfortable with the process. This ensures your satisfaction and safety throughout the process, cementing Manhas Health Co.

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  1. RelabotulinumtoxinA
  2. Botulinum toxin F
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  6. Botulinum toxin type F
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  10. Botox Cosmetic
  11. Botulinum C1 toxin
  12. Botulinium toxin
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  14. Letybo
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  16. Myobloc
  17. EC 3.4.24.69
  18. Botulism toxin
  19. Botulinum toxin type a
  20. Botulinum toxin type E
as a leader in personalized aesthetic care in Facial contouring New Westminster.

Learn more about Facial contouring New Westminster here
Dermal filler clinic Facial contouring New Westminster
Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

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The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

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A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

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Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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